Learn how…. Chickenpox is a highly contagious disease. Many people who get chickenpox once are then immune for life. But can you get chickenpox twice? The varicella vaccine protects against chickenpox. There is still a slight chance of developing the chickenpox, even after being vaccinated. Chickenpox and shingles are caused by the same virus, but they are separate conditions.
Here's how their causes, symptoms, and prevention differ. A blister, or vesicle, is a raised portion of skin that is filled with fluid. Raised bumps on the skin are common and can have a variety of causes, ranging from acne to skin cancer.
Raised skin bumps are most often harmless, but…. Chickenpox parties aren't a safe idea for children because parents can't guarantee their child won't have severe health complications. There's also a…. Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. Medically reviewed by Stacy Sampson, D. What are the symptoms of chickenpox? Share on Pinterest.
What causes chickenpox? Who is at risk of developing the chicken pox? How is chickenpox diagnosed? What are possible complications of chickenpox? How is chickenpox treated? What is the long-term outlook? How can chickenpox be prevented? Read this next. Chickenpox in Adults. Medically reviewed by Daniel Murrell, M. Medically reviewed by Karen Gill, M. Can You Get Chickenpox Twice? Key Points Chickenpox is caused by primary infection with varicella zoster virus.
About this condition Definition Chickenpox is caused by primary infection with varicella zoster virus. Prognosis Infants and children: In healthy children the illness is usually mild and self-limiting. Aims of intervention To prevent clinical chickenpox characterised by a rash ; to reduce the duration of illness and complications of chickenpox, with minimal adverse effects of treatment.
Outcomes Rate of clinical chickenpox ; duration of illness time to no new lesions, and disappearance of fever ; disease severity ; complications of chickenpox ; mortality ; adverse effects of treatment.
Methods Clinical Evidence search and appraisal June Important outcomes Complications of chickenpox, Disease severity, Duration of illness, Mortality, Rate of chickenpox Studies Participants Outcome Comparison Type of evidence Quality Consistency Directness Effect size GRADE Comment What are the effects of interventions to prevent chickenpox in healthy adults and children who have not knowingly been exposed to varicella zoster virus?
Consistency point deducted for conflicting results in children and adolescents What are the effects of treatments for chickenpox in immunocompromised adults and children? Directness point deducted for narrow population 2 70 Disease severity Intravenous aciclovir versus placebo 4 —3 0 —1 0 Very low Quality points deducted for sparse data, incomplete reporting of results, and possibility of over-estimation of effect of placebo.
Directness point deducted for narrow population. Open in a separate window. Glossary High-quality evidence Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect.
Low-quality evidence Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate. Moderate-quality evidence Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate.
Varicella zoster immunoglobulin VZIG Prepared from units of donor plasma selected for high titres of antibodies to varicella zoster virus. Very low-quality evidence Any estimate of effect is very uncertain. Notes Disclaimer The information contained in this publication is intended for medical professionals.
References 1. Population-based studies of varicella complications. Pediatrics ;— Lee BW. Review of varicella zoster seroepidemiology in India and Southeast Asia. Trop Med Int Health ;— The age of infection with varicella-zoster virus in St Lucia, West Indies. Epidemiol Infect ;— The prevalence of varicella-zoster virus infection in normal healthy individuals aged above 6 months. Preblud SR. Varicella: complications and costs.
The cost effectiveness of varicella vaccine programs for Australia. Vaccine ;— Varicella in children with cancer: seventy-seven cases. Varicella-zoster virus infection in Romanian children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Frequent recurrence and persistence of varicella-zoster virus infections in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Pediatr ;— Outcome in newborn babies given anti-varicella-zoster immunoglobulin after perinatal maternal infection with varicella-zoster virus.
Lancet ;— Varicella vaccination: a critical review of the evidence. Arch Dis Child ;— Search date Postmarketing evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of varicella vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J ;— Postlicensure safety surveillance for varicella vaccine. JAMA ;— Varicella prevention in the United States: a review of successes and challenges. Pediatrics ;e—e Live attenuated varicella virus vaccine. Efficacy trial in healthy children. New Engl J Med ;— Varis T, Vesikari T.
Efficacy of high-titer live attenuated varicella vaccine in healthy young children. J Infect Dis ;S—S Metaanalysis of vaccine effectiveness in varicella outbreaks. Efficacy and safety of measles, mumps, rubella and varicella live viral vaccines in transplant recipients receiving immunosuppressive drugs.
World J Pediatr ;— Persistence of immunity to varicella-zoster virus after vaccination of healthcare workers. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol ;— Persistence of immunity to live attenuated varicella vaccine in healthy adults. Clin Infect Dis ;— Macartney K, McIntyre P. Vaccines for post-exposure prophylaxis against varicella chickenpox in children and adults.
In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 2, Levin MJ. Varicella vaccination of immunocompromised children. Clinical efficacy of high-dose aciclovir in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: a meta-analysis of randomized individual patient data.
J Infect Dis ;— Search date not reported. Acyclovir for treating varicella in otherwise healthy children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Alfandari S. Second question: antiviral treatment of varicella in adult or immunocompromised patients. Med Malad Infect ;— Controlled trial of acyclovir for chickenpox evaluating time of initiation and duration of therapy and viral resistance.
Aciclovir prevents dissemination of varicella in immunocompromised children. Aciclovir therapy of chickenpox in immunosuppressed children: a collaborative study.
Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Copyright notice. Summary Live attenuated varicella vaccine is effective at preventing chickenpox in healthy children not knowingly exposed to varicella zoster virus.
Benefits and harms Live attenuated varicella vaccine versus placebo: We found one systematic review search date , 2 RCTs. Rate of chickenpox Compared with placebo Live attenuated varicella vaccine is more effective at reducing the proportion of healthy children who develop chickenpox at 9 to 29 months high-quality evidence.
Disease severity No data from the following reference on this outcome. Mortality No data from the following reference on this outcome. Complications of chickenpox No data from the following reference on this outcome. Duration of illness No data from the following reference on this outcome.
Adverse effects Ref type Population Outcome, Interventions Results and statistical analysis Effect size Favours Adverse effects Cross-sectional study Number of people in analyses not reported Serious adverse effects with live attenuated varicella vaccine with no vaccine Systematic review Number of RCTs or children in analysis not reported Proportion of children with varicella-like papules or vesicles 5.
Further information on studies None. Comment Clinical guide: Chickenpox vaccine is a safe and effective vaccine against a usually mild disease in healthy children. Substantive changes No new evidence. Summary We found no direct information from RCTs about the effects of live attenuated varicella vaccine in healthy adults not knowingly exposed to varicella zoster virus.
Benefits and harms Live attenuated varicella vaccine in healthy adults: We found one systematic review. Comment Clinical guide: Chickenpox vaccine is a safe and effective vaccine against a disease that is usually mild, at least in healthy children. Summary Live attenuated varicella vaccine may reduce the incidence of chickenpox in healthy children exposed to varicella zoster virus, if administered within 3 days of exposure. Benefits and harms Live attenuated varicella vaccine versus placebo: We found one systematic review search date , 3 RCTs.
Rate of chickenpox Compared with placebo Live attenuated varicella vaccine seems more effective at reducing the proportion of children who develop clinical chickenpox low-quality evidence. Disease severity Compared with placebo Live attenuated varicella vaccine is more effective at reducing the proportion of children with chickenpox who develop moderate or severe disease high-quality evidence.
Adverse effects No data from the following reference on this outcome. Comment Clinical guide: In the three RCTs identified by the review, most children received immunisation within 3 days following exposure to a varicella case. Substantive changes Live attenuated varicella vaccine for prevention in healthy children exposed to varicella zoster virus New option. Summary We don't know whether live attenuated varicella vaccine is effective for prevention of chickenpox in healthy adults exposed to varicella zoster virus, as we found no RCT evidence.
Benefits and harms Live attenuated varicella vaccine versus placebo: We found one systematic review search date , which identified no RCTs in healthy adults exposed to varicella zoster virus. Comment None. Substantive changes Live attenuated varicella vaccine for prevention in healthy adults exposed to varicella zoster virus New option. Summary We found no direct information from RCTs about the effects of aciclovir for preventing chickenpox in prenatally exposed children.
Benefits and harms Aciclovir: We found no systematic review or RCTs on the effects of aciclovir in prenatally exposed children. Comment Clinical guide: Newborns whose mothers' rashes appear in the last 5 days of pregnancy, or within 2 days of birth, have been reported in small case series to have a high risk of severe chickenpox.
Summary We found no direct information from RCTs about the effects of famciclovir for preventing chickenpox in prenatally exposed children. Benefits and harms Famciclovir: We found no systematic review or RCTs assessing famciclovir for preventing chickenpox in prenatally exposed children. Summary We found no direct information from RCTs about the effects of valaciclovir for preventing chickenpox in prenatally exposed children.
Benefits and harms Valaciclovir: We found no systematic review or RCTs assessing valaciclovir for preventing chickenpox in prenatally exposed children.
Summary We found no direct information from RCTs about the effects of varicella zoster immunoglobulin in prenatally exposed children. Benefits and harms Varicella zoster immunoglobulin: We found no systematic review or RCTs assessing varicella zoster immunoglobulin VZIG in prenatally exposed children. Comment Newborns whose mothers' rashes appear in the last 5 days of pregnancy, or within 2 days of birth, have been reported in small case series to have a very high risk of severe chickenpox.
Substantive changes Varicella zoster immunoglobulin for prevention in children exposed prenatally Evidence reassessed. Summary In children with leukemia, routine use of live attenuated varicella vaccine is generally not recommended because of the risk of developing a rash post-immunisation. Benefits and harms Live attenuated vaccine: We found no systematic review of RCTs or RCTs of live attenuated vaccine in children with immunocompromise see comment below.
Comment We found two systematic reviews search dates not reported, of uncontrolled studies, case series, and case reports. Substantive changes Live attenuated varicella vaccine for prevention in immunocompromised children New option. Summary We found no direct information from RCTs about the effects of live attenuated varicella vaccine in immunocompromised adults. Benefits and harms Live attenuated vaccine: We found no systematic review or RCTs assessing clinical outcomes in people receiving cancer chemotherapy, or in people with HIV.
Summary High-dose aciclovir has been shown to be beneficial in reducing clinical chickenpox in people with HIV infection. Benefits and harms Aciclovir versus placebo: We found one systematic review search date not reported, 8 RCTs comparing high-dose aciclovir versus placebo in people with HIV.
Rate of chickenpox Compared with placebo Aciclovir at doses of at least mg daily is more effective at reducing the proportion of people with HIV infection who develop chickenpox high-quality evidence. Mortality Compared with placebo Aciclovir at doses of at least mg daily is more effective at reducing all-cause mortality at 48 months in people with HIV infection high-quality evidence.
Comment Adverse effects of aciclovir: see harms under aciclovir for treatment. Summary We found no direct information from RCTs about the effects of famciclovir to prevent chickenpox in immunocompromised people. Benefits and harms Famciclovir: We found no systematic review or RCTs assessing famciclovir to prevent chickenpox in immunocompromised people.
Summary We found no direct information from RCTs about the effects of valaciclovir to prevent chickenpox in immunocompromised people. Benefits and harms Valaciclovir: We found no systematic review or RCTs assessing valaciclovir to prevent chickenpox in immunocompromised people.
Summary We found no direct information from RCTs about whether varicella zoster immunoglobulin is better than no active treatment or immune serum globulin at preventing chickenpox in immunocompromised adults and children.
Benefits and harms Varicella zoster immunoglobulin versus placebo: We found no systematic review or RCTs. Varicella zoster immunoglobulin versus immune serum globulin: We found no systematic review or RCTs. Comment Clinical guide: Varicella zoster immunoglobulin is frequently used to prevent chickenpox in exposed susceptible immunocompromised children.
Substantive changes Varicella zoster immunoglobulin for prevention in immunocompromised people Evidence reassessed, taking into consideration consensus and clinical experience. Before the vaccine was available, about 4 million people got chickenpox each year in the United States, over 10, of those people were hospitalized, and about people died.
Chickenpox is a highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus VZV. It can cause an itchy, blister-like rash. The rash appears first on the chest, back, and face, and then spreads over the entire body. A fact sheet for parents that describes symptoms of infection as well as benefits and risks of vaccination. Find information about chickenpox vaccine, such as who should be vaccinated, vaccination options, and vaccine safety.
Learn more information about clinical features, complications, and assessing immunity to varicella.
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